What is a cotton picker? Structural analysis of roller type horizontal ingot picker, introduction to the cotton picking process

Release time：2023-05-27    Click：211

Cotton harvesting machinery is divided into two categories: cotton bolls and cotton pickers; Cotton pickers are divided into two types: cotton sorting machine and cotton unified harvester; Now the market is mainly used cotton sorting machine, according to the cotton picking principle and the structure of the picking head is different, cotton sorting machine is divided into self-propelled horizontal ingot picker, self-propelled vertical ingot picker. Due to the high operating efficiency, high net collection rate (about 96%), and low impurity content (about 10%), the horizontal ingot cotton picker now dominates the market.

Horizontal ingot picking cotton picker is generally divided into three types: drum type, chain type, flat type, of which the roller type horizontal ingot picking cotton picker has the characteristics of high picking rate, less loss of floor cotton, low impurity rate and low power consumption, which is popular in the market and widely used. Today, we take the domestic 4MZ-5 self-propelled cotton picker as an example to further introduce the structure and working principle of its roller-type horizontal ingot picker.

4MZ-5 self-propelled cotton picker is a five-row horizontal spindle picking self-propelled cotton picker, its structure adopts front hanging picking workbench, flipping automatic unloading cotton box, hydraulic and mechanical hybrid transmission, mainly composed of picking head, hydraulic system, electrical system, chassis system, engine system, cab and control system, cotton conveying device, cotton box, wetting system, etc.

The cotton picking work of 4MZ-5 self-propelled cotton picking machine is completed by cotton picking monomer, and the structure of cotton picking monomer mainly includes: two groups of horizontal ingot picking drum (front and rear arrangement), picking room, cotton removal disc, pressing plate, cotton collection room, guide grid plate, rinser, transmission system, etc. The horizontal ingot removal drum mainly includes: ingot seat tube, water brush, rinder, ingot bevel gear, drum shaft, tortuous crutch, roller, guide groove, transmission sprocket, ingot transmission gear, seat tube shaft transmission gear, seat tube shaft shaft bevel gear, seat tube shaft bevel gear, ingot, etc.

When the ingots are working, both rotate and rotate, the ingots are installed outside the ingots seat tube, and a set of bevel gear transmission devices are installed in the ingots seat tube, and the rotational power of the ingots itself comes from the bevel gear transmission device in the seat tube. Generally, a drum is equipped with 12 spindle seat tube assemblies, and each spindle seat tube is equipped with a curved crutch at the upper end, and the zigging is equipped with a roller. The so-called revolution of the ingots is the rotation of the spindle seat tube with the drum when the axis of the cotton picking drum line rotates; The so-called spinning spinning is that the spindle on the tube seat rotates with the axis of the pipe seat line roller while rotating with its own bevel gear transmission in a certain direction of high-speed rotation, the spinning speed of the ingots is high, generally between 2000~2500 r/min. The spindles on the drum generally maintain a distance of about 35mm to 40mm from each other, in order not to miss the cotton bolls that have bloomed, and at the same time not to damage the unopened cotton nuts.

4MZ-5 self-propelled cotton picker for cotton picking, the cotton picker advances, the cotton plant enters the picking room under the guidance of the loader (the so-called picking room is actually a slit on both sides of the drum, the width of the seam is between 80mm and 90mm, one side of the seam is a horizontal grid, the other side is a pressing plate), cotton plants will be squeezed by the horizontal grid plate and the pressing plate in the process of entering the picking room, when the cotton plant enters the picking room within the range of 80mm to 90mm, At this time, the spindle installed horizontally in the cotton picking drum extends out of the grid plate in rotation according to the predetermined design trajectory, and is inserted vertically into the squeezed cotton plant in the picking room, and the spindle rotates with the drum while rotating at a high speed under the bevel gear transmission of the tube seat shaft. Once the seed cotton in the cracked bolls encounters the high-speed rotating ingot, the hook teeth on the spindle will hang the seed cotton, and the seed cotton will be dragged out of the bolls and wrapped around the spindle layer by layer under the action of the rotational force of the spindle picking and the forward force of the cotton picker.

With the revolution of the cotton picking drum, the ingots exit the picking room after passing through the grid plate and enter the cotton removal area, where the spindles will encounter the reverse rotating cotton removal plate. 4MZ-5 self-propelled cotton picker cotton remover is a set of rubber discs with protrusions, which can increase the friction coefficient, the rotation direction of the rubber cotton disc is opposite to the rotation direction of the ingot, when the rubber cotton disc meets the seed cotton on the reverse rotating spindle picker, the seed cotton is taken off from the spindle under the action of the reverse friction of the rubber cotton removal disc. The off-seeded cotton is transported to the cotton collection room, and the cotton collection room has a large negative pressure because of the role of the extension airway, under the action of negative pressure, the cotton in the cotton collection room is sent to the cotton box through the suction door and wind barrel to complete a cotton picking process. At this time, the spindle has been transferred to the rinsing plate brush with the revolution of the drum, which is a rectangular engineering plastic soft pad board, and the drum drumming is dripping and rinsing. After rinsing, the ingots return to the picking area with the revolution of the cotton picking drum, and the next picking work begins, and so on.